Hello.
Today's chief telecommunications engineer's problem is delivered by the TCP/IP relation. Please work lightly because it is feeling like a basic problem of OSI reference model who tend to be very very. Then, today's problem is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Layer model of TCP/IP in the wide sense
Being located in the highest layer is a network interface layer, and the function to achieve the communication on the transmission line between the adjoining nodes is possessed.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is a layer model of TCP/IP, "Network interface layer" is an undermost layer, and the highest layer is an application layer. ｡｡
The Internet layer has the function to do [ru-chingu] such as IP packets, and there is IP in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are correct.
- Because the Internet layer is a hierarchy to which OSI reference model's "Network layer" corresponds, these sentences are answered correctly.
The transport layer enables the communication between the applications that a different host has, and there is Telnet in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are wrong.
- It shall not not be a transport layer, and the application layer be none here. ｡｡
In the application layer, there are a lot of protocols used for a specific application, and are a FTP for the file transfer, SMTP for network management, and SNMP for the E-mail forwarding, etc.
These sentences are wrong.
- ..network management.. SMTP for the E-mail forwarding ..SMTP.. reverses by feeling.
How?･･･ though chief telecommunications engineer's qualification is acquired easily when increasing .."Service problem".. a little more ..so.. Then around here today
Showing posts with label TCP/IP. Show all posts
Showing posts with label TCP/IP. Show all posts
2010/10/23
2010/09/13
I will aim at the chief telecommunications engineer's qualification acquisition.
Well, I think that have the problem of the network system seen after a long time today. The problem of such a network system and the protocol system increases in recent years, too and the person who has challenged a technical engineer might grapple easily with chief telecommunications engineer's problem up to now. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓.
- Function of router etc.
The function to judge right or wrong of the street of the packet is provided for one thing in each port number of the protocol in the transport layer, and the access from the outside by a specific protocol of the FTP etc. can restrict no permission etc. of the filtering function of the router.
These sentences are correct.
- It is a description of "Access list".
In the static routing method that is one of the setting methods of the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively converted between routers at a long interval time day and generally every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
These sentences are wrong.
- In the dynamic routing method that is one of the methods of setting the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively exchanged between routers at a long interval time generally day or every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
- The update doesn't do the routing table to the static routing by the automatic operation.
In RIP2(RIP Vervion2) that is one of the routing protocols of the dynamic routing method, using it from no function of the transmission of subnet mask information on the network composed of a variable-length subnet is unsuitable.
These sentences are wrong.
- In RIP2, the field of message formats not used is used, and the field of the route tag, the subnet mask, and the next hop is increased. Moreover, the IP multicast became available because of the load reduction of the network, too. Therefore, the function to transmit subnet mask information exists.
- When it is RIPv1, subnet information be able to be done certainly and come to do RIPv2 though it is incommunicable.
Three layer switches that are composed of the hardware subject because the performance that the router possesses is becoming a bottleneck on the network and work at high speed are developed, and the high-speed packet forwarding technologies of the store and the forward method, etc. are used.
These sentences are wrong.
- These sentences are explanations of cutting the through method. There is a merit that the priority control and error correction can be done instead of lacking at high speed (real time) because the transmission delay is generated unlike the circuit switching method when the store and the forward method (stored and forward switching system) are introduced.
- Neither the store nor the forward are so early. (Accumulate the packet and priority control and because it is done that the error is corrected. )
- As such, a free fragmentation is early (Because only the header part is confirmed).
- Cut and the through is the earliest (Because the packet is forwarded without confirming it).
Well, how?Sleeping then around here today though it is thought that it was a comparatively gentle problem if it is not good at problem of such a genre ..might take the study of a technical engineer and CCNA/CCIP for a moment by you..
- Function of router etc.
The function to judge right or wrong of the street of the packet is provided for one thing in each port number of the protocol in the transport layer, and the access from the outside by a specific protocol of the FTP etc. can restrict no permission etc. of the filtering function of the router.
These sentences are correct.
- It is a description of "Access list".
In the static routing method that is one of the setting methods of the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively converted between routers at a long interval time day and generally every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
These sentences are wrong.
- In the dynamic routing method that is one of the methods of setting the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively exchanged between routers at a long interval time generally day or every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
- The update doesn't do the routing table to the static routing by the automatic operation.
In RIP2(RIP Vervion2) that is one of the routing protocols of the dynamic routing method, using it from no function of the transmission of subnet mask information on the network composed of a variable-length subnet is unsuitable.
These sentences are wrong.
- In RIP2, the field of message formats not used is used, and the field of the route tag, the subnet mask, and the next hop is increased. Moreover, the IP multicast became available because of the load reduction of the network, too. Therefore, the function to transmit subnet mask information exists.
- When it is RIPv1, subnet information be able to be done certainly and come to do RIPv2 though it is incommunicable.
Three layer switches that are composed of the hardware subject because the performance that the router possesses is becoming a bottleneck on the network and work at high speed are developed, and the high-speed packet forwarding technologies of the store and the forward method, etc. are used.
These sentences are wrong.
- These sentences are explanations of cutting the through method. There is a merit that the priority control and error correction can be done instead of lacking at high speed (real time) because the transmission delay is generated unlike the circuit switching method when the store and the forward method (stored and forward switching system) are introduced.
- Neither the store nor the forward are so early. (Accumulate the packet and priority control and because it is done that the error is corrected. )
- As such, a free fragmentation is early (Because only the header part is confirmed).
- Cut and the through is the earliest (Because the packet is forwarded without confirming it).
Well, how?Sleeping then around here today though it is thought that it was a comparatively gentle problem if it is not good at problem of such a genre ..might take the study of a technical engineer and CCNA/CCIP for a moment by you..
2010/08/31
Becoming familiar of TCP/IP is deep.
Today's topic settles down because it is really underlaying problems somehow and seems not to make a mistake in the problem sentence in seem a fairly old ....TCP/IP.. have it.. problem when reading. The material today then ..a Japanese problem it.. is [kochira] ↓↓.
■TCP/IP
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is composed of 128 bits, and a vast address space can be used compared with Ipv4, and the unicast address, the multicast address, and the anycast address are allocated in use additionally.
These sentences are correct.
- The unicast multicast anycast can be used by IPv6's being composed of 128 bits.
The private address is defined only by the address space of class C though Internet Protocol address of Ipv4 uses the address area that was composed of 32 bits, and classified into class E by use by class A.
These sentences are wrong.
- The private address is class A?. It is defined in each address space of C.
- It is basic.
ICMP has the function etc. that carry error message and various demands/response message when the error occurs by the data transfer with the IP packet. The Ping command uses echo request/response message among various messages of this ICMP.
These sentences are correct.
- The state as it is｡｡
TCP is a protocol to the communication of the connection type used for UDP to communicate a connectionless type. Therefore, when reliability is requested from the data transfer, TCP is suitable, and when a good communication of the transfer efficiency is requested, UDP is suitable.
These sentences are correct.
- Natural. ｡｡
It is not when having already explained somehow. It thinks sentences of 1･3･4 to be correct when settling down and reading, and understand sentences of two. Isn't there private address without [wake] only of class C?It is [] feeling. It doesn't go easily because of this though it is good when it is laced that chief telecommunications engineer's problem occasionally is also easy ..so... ｡｡Then, around here though it is short today
■TCP/IP
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is composed of 128 bits, and a vast address space can be used compared with Ipv4, and the unicast address, the multicast address, and the anycast address are allocated in use additionally.
These sentences are correct.
- The unicast multicast anycast can be used by IPv6's being composed of 128 bits.
The private address is defined only by the address space of class C though Internet Protocol address of Ipv4 uses the address area that was composed of 32 bits, and classified into class E by use by class A.
These sentences are wrong.
- The private address is class A?. It is defined in each address space of C.
- It is basic.
ICMP has the function etc. that carry error message and various demands/response message when the error occurs by the data transfer with the IP packet. The Ping command uses echo request/response message among various messages of this ICMP.
These sentences are correct.
- The state as it is｡｡
TCP is a protocol to the communication of the connection type used for UDP to communicate a connectionless type. Therefore, when reliability is requested from the data transfer, TCP is suitable, and when a good communication of the transfer efficiency is requested, UDP is suitable.
These sentences are correct.
- Natural. ｡｡
It is not when having already explained somehow. It thinks sentences of 1･3･4 to be correct when settling down and reading, and understand sentences of two. Isn't there private address without [wake] only of class C?It is [] feeling. It doesn't go easily because of this though it is good when it is laced that chief telecommunications engineer's problem occasionally is also easy ..so... ｡｡Then, around here though it is short today
2010/08/28
It is a network system today.
Well, only a little though it is said that the chief telecommunications engineer is studied today because time cannot be so taken today ・・・ Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Function of router etc.
There are [sutatei;kkuru-chingu] and [dainamikkuru-chingu] in a typical [ru-chingu] technique in the router. ICMP is a typical protocol to exchange [ru-chingute-buru] information with [dainamikkuru-chingu] regularly.
These sentences are wrong.
- The protocol that regularly exchanges [ru-chingute-buru] information is [ru-chingupurotokoru], and, for instance, [ru-chingupurotokoru] called RIP and OSPF is used for the TCP/IP network. ICMP is a protocol that is used between the router and the computer, and provides for the method of inquiring information concerning the state of IP and details of the code value. - ICMP …_ :. |~|0ICMP is PING if it says. 。。
In the router, two or more private IP addresses in a local network use the port number and the MAC address, and are used for the IP masquerade as a function to convert into one global IP address at the same time.
These sentences are wrong.
- Two or more private IP addresses in a local network combine the TCP/UDP port number with NAT, and are used for the IP masquerade as a function to convert into one global IP address at the same time. - It doesn't convert in the port number and the MAC address, and it converts it by the port number and Internet Protocol address though the IP masquerade comes to be able certainly to share one global address by two or more hosts.
Filtering with the network address unit and the control of the IP packet at the port number level can be done, and to forward only a specific IP packet, the filtering function in the router can be limited.
These sentences are correct.
- The access list is spoken. The refusal of the street of each packet can be set by identifying the content of the IP packet.
It is both said by the router and three layer switches that the one of the router and the software subject is three layer switches the one of the hardware subject with the device only for the [ru-chingu] processing in OSI reference model's network layer.
These sentences are wrong.
- The one of the hardware subject that uses special IC for specific is called the one of three layer switches and the software subjects is routers.
- Three layer switches are the hardware bases though routing is done, and the router does routing with the software base though it is thought it is safe if it reads neatly.
♪ then around here today today then ..no so much play on holiday.. ..taking the time of study neatly...
- Function of router etc.
There are [sutatei;kkuru-chingu] and [dainamikkuru-chingu] in a typical [ru-chingu] technique in the router. ICMP is a typical protocol to exchange [ru-chingute-buru] information with [dainamikkuru-chingu] regularly.
These sentences are wrong.
- The protocol that regularly exchanges [ru-chingute-buru] information is [ru-chingupurotokoru], and, for instance, [ru-chingupurotokoru] called RIP and OSPF is used for the TCP/IP network. ICMP is a protocol that is used between the router and the computer, and provides for the method of inquiring information concerning the state of IP and details of the code value. - ICMP …_ :. |~|0ICMP is PING if it says. 。。
In the router, two or more private IP addresses in a local network use the port number and the MAC address, and are used for the IP masquerade as a function to convert into one global IP address at the same time.
These sentences are wrong.
- Two or more private IP addresses in a local network combine the TCP/UDP port number with NAT, and are used for the IP masquerade as a function to convert into one global IP address at the same time. - It doesn't convert in the port number and the MAC address, and it converts it by the port number and Internet Protocol address though the IP masquerade comes to be able certainly to share one global address by two or more hosts.
Filtering with the network address unit and the control of the IP packet at the port number level can be done, and to forward only a specific IP packet, the filtering function in the router can be limited.
These sentences are correct.
- The access list is spoken. The refusal of the street of each packet can be set by identifying the content of the IP packet.
It is both said by the router and three layer switches that the one of the router and the software subject is three layer switches the one of the hardware subject with the device only for the [ru-chingu] processing in OSI reference model's network layer.
These sentences are wrong.
- The one of the hardware subject that uses special IC for specific is called the one of three layer switches and the software subjects is routers.
- Three layer switches are the hardware bases though routing is done, and the router does routing with the software base though it is thought it is safe if it reads neatly.
♪ then around here today today then ..no so much play on holiday.. ..taking the time of study neatly...
2010/08/27
It relates the network today.
It sees and, then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓ of [tto] Sala because it thinks that excellent sober is deep if having taken an examination of a person and a technical engineer who runs to [sumaa;] and recent network circumstances in the network system of today's topic.
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is composed of 128 bits, and written as eight hexadecimal numbers delimited by “:" that is the colon sign in every 16 bits.
These sentences are correct.
- The biggest difference between IPv4 and IPv6 is in the length of the network address. IPv6 is 128 bits while IPv4 until the past was 32 bits.
- The numerical value written by the hexadecimal number is delimited by colon (:) in 16 bits and written because it becomes tedious too much in the mark similar to IPv4 in IPv6 when 128 bits are written.
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is classified into three kinds (the unicast, the anycast, and the multicast).
These sentences are correct.
- Internet Protocol address given to interface of one unicast address. One interface is recognized. When a lot of interfaces (LAN board etc.) are being mounted by one computer, only the number of interfaces will have the unicast address.
- Address allocated in node of two or more multicast addresses. The packet transmitted to this address appropriating is delivered to the node that is reproduced and participates in this address. Address that starts by ffxx::. The unicast address is specified for the reply. The transmission origin must not relay the packet in the multicast address and do not relay the router.
- It looks like the multicast in the point that the address of one [enikyasutoadoresu] is allocated in two or more nodes, and the point "It is delivered only to one of the nearest nodes in the node that belongs there on the network" is different for [enikyasuto]. It doesn't exist, and when it is necessary, the broadcast address uses all node multicast address (ff02::1) for IPv6. It transmits specifying it for the reply by the unicast, and [enikyasuto] (anycast) address throws away the packet in the transmission origin to the router.
The Ipv6 equipment combines information notified from information and the router of the equipment and Internet Protocol address is generated in the [sute-toresu] automatic setting among an automatic setting mechanisms of IPv6.
These sentences are correct.
- The automatic setting in the address is possible as long as there is a router even if DHCP is not used in automatic address setting IPv6 (RFC 4862). The address where the attainment is sure to exist only in the link named linklocal address attaches to the network interface of the IPv6 node. You may set this by hand power if unique in the link though being generated from interface ID generated from the prefix and the MAC address named fe80:: is usual. Finally, unique in the address is solved based on DAD. Moreover, the router is regular or transmits information (Router advertisement; RA) on the network to the network that I connect based on the request. The IPv6 host generates a global address by using prefix information included in this information and unique interface ID. The IPv6 host can secure the connectivity to a global IPv6 network by setting the router that transmits received RA to the default route at the same time. However, because the address of the DNS server for the name resolution cannot be acquired in this mechanism, another mechanism such as DHCPv6 is needed for it.
The dual stack (dual IP layer) that is the coexistence technology of IPv4 and IPv6 is technologies that make the Ipv6 packet a capsule in the IPv4 packet.
These sentences are wrong.
- The dual stack is a technology that supports both IPv6 and IPv4 the host and the router protocols at the same time. These sentences are "IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel. "
- This hit is not understood easily because it is confusing. ｡｡｡
Both dual stack = IPv6 and IPv4 are made and the IPv6 packet is made a capsule in support IPv6 over IPv4 =IPv4. "** over xxxxx"'s coming out in various places though these sentences become explanations of "IPv6 over IPv4" because it says that the IPv4 packet will be made a capsule in IPv4 over IPv6 =IPv6 has "It is ** in xxxx" with the remembrance. ｡｡For instance, when it is Ethernet Over MPLS technology, I feel the Ethernet frame in MPLS as for encapsulation.
Well, another one special holiday ･･･ Then,
It economically becomes inefficiency in many cases though QoS on the Internet can be secured by the design that prepares a large installed capacity enough compared with the input traffic at the peak.
These sentences are correct.
- Well, the profit is not taken easily in cost [**] ..surplus.. [sonawayouryou] though certain reliability might rise.
There is a feature of being influenced by the others' flow besides the amount of the packet that the composition of the net sends and receives to oneself though the element of QoS on the Internet is an average rate, a peak rate, and a delay, etc. when a chain of packet flow are sent among hosts.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, the flow of other nodes will be influenced. ｡｡
The entire net can be efficiently used by identifying the flow that joins the same network, and assuming the common IP network where different QoS at each flow can be secured equipment.
These sentences are correct.
- As for efficiency in the design, it might be bad, and designing naturally at each flow might be better for efficiency even if it suddenly thinks about QoS on the network at a time.
In general, when the quality that each flow demands while attempting the prevention of congestion is controlled, and congestion is generated on the network, one of the purposes of the QoS control evenly distributes the influence of congestion to each flow.
These sentences are wrong.
- To reduce the influence of congestion in general when congestion is generated on the network, it is directed to interrupt the transmission temporarily at the transmitting end.
- If the adverse effect is distributed, it might be not good.
- When flow overflows, it is "The first interruption. "
Well, how?It is thought that becoming familiar is deep if the person challenged a technical engineer, and indispensable knowledge to CCNA or CCIP is feeling or it sleeps and, then, around here today though the material around here was written even at the beginning.
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is composed of 128 bits, and written as eight hexadecimal numbers delimited by “:" that is the colon sign in every 16 bits.
These sentences are correct.
- The biggest difference between IPv4 and IPv6 is in the length of the network address. IPv6 is 128 bits while IPv4 until the past was 32 bits.
- The numerical value written by the hexadecimal number is delimited by colon (:) in 16 bits and written because it becomes tedious too much in the mark similar to IPv4 in IPv6 when 128 bits are written.
Internet Protocol address of IPv6 is classified into three kinds (the unicast, the anycast, and the multicast).
These sentences are correct.
- Internet Protocol address given to interface of one unicast address. One interface is recognized. When a lot of interfaces (LAN board etc.) are being mounted by one computer, only the number of interfaces will have the unicast address.
- Address allocated in node of two or more multicast addresses. The packet transmitted to this address appropriating is delivered to the node that is reproduced and participates in this address. Address that starts by ffxx::. The unicast address is specified for the reply. The transmission origin must not relay the packet in the multicast address and do not relay the router.
- It looks like the multicast in the point that the address of one [enikyasutoadoresu] is allocated in two or more nodes, and the point "It is delivered only to one of the nearest nodes in the node that belongs there on the network" is different for [enikyasuto]. It doesn't exist, and when it is necessary, the broadcast address uses all node multicast address (ff02::1) for IPv6. It transmits specifying it for the reply by the unicast, and [enikyasuto] (anycast) address throws away the packet in the transmission origin to the router.
The Ipv6 equipment combines information notified from information and the router of the equipment and Internet Protocol address is generated in the [sute-toresu] automatic setting among an automatic setting mechanisms of IPv6.
These sentences are correct.
- The automatic setting in the address is possible as long as there is a router even if DHCP is not used in automatic address setting IPv6 (RFC 4862). The address where the attainment is sure to exist only in the link named linklocal address attaches to the network interface of the IPv6 node. You may set this by hand power if unique in the link though being generated from interface ID generated from the prefix and the MAC address named fe80:: is usual. Finally, unique in the address is solved based on DAD. Moreover, the router is regular or transmits information (Router advertisement; RA) on the network to the network that I connect based on the request. The IPv6 host generates a global address by using prefix information included in this information and unique interface ID. The IPv6 host can secure the connectivity to a global IPv6 network by setting the router that transmits received RA to the default route at the same time. However, because the address of the DNS server for the name resolution cannot be acquired in this mechanism, another mechanism such as DHCPv6 is needed for it.
The dual stack (dual IP layer) that is the coexistence technology of IPv4 and IPv6 is technologies that make the Ipv6 packet a capsule in the IPv4 packet.
These sentences are wrong.
- The dual stack is a technology that supports both IPv6 and IPv4 the host and the router protocols at the same time. These sentences are "IPv6 over IPv4 tunnel. "
- This hit is not understood easily because it is confusing. ｡｡｡
Both dual stack = IPv6 and IPv4 are made and the IPv6 packet is made a capsule in support IPv6 over IPv4 =IPv4. "** over xxxxx"'s coming out in various places though these sentences become explanations of "IPv6 over IPv4" because it says that the IPv4 packet will be made a capsule in IPv4 over IPv6 =IPv6 has "It is ** in xxxx" with the remembrance. ｡｡For instance, when it is Ethernet Over MPLS technology, I feel the Ethernet frame in MPLS as for encapsulation.
Well, another one special holiday ･･･ Then,
It economically becomes inefficiency in many cases though QoS on the Internet can be secured by the design that prepares a large installed capacity enough compared with the input traffic at the peak.
These sentences are correct.
- Well, the profit is not taken easily in cost [**] ..surplus.. [sonawayouryou] though certain reliability might rise.
There is a feature of being influenced by the others' flow besides the amount of the packet that the composition of the net sends and receives to oneself though the element of QoS on the Internet is an average rate, a peak rate, and a delay, etc. when a chain of packet flow are sent among hosts.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, the flow of other nodes will be influenced. ｡｡
The entire net can be efficiently used by identifying the flow that joins the same network, and assuming the common IP network where different QoS at each flow can be secured equipment.
These sentences are correct.
- As for efficiency in the design, it might be bad, and designing naturally at each flow might be better for efficiency even if it suddenly thinks about QoS on the network at a time.
In general, when the quality that each flow demands while attempting the prevention of congestion is controlled, and congestion is generated on the network, one of the purposes of the QoS control evenly distributes the influence of congestion to each flow.
These sentences are wrong.
- To reduce the influence of congestion in general when congestion is generated on the network, it is directed to interrupt the transmission temporarily at the transmitting end.
- If the adverse effect is distributed, it might be not good.
- When flow overflows, it is "The first interruption. "
Well, how?It is thought that becoming familiar is deep if the person challenged a technical engineer, and indispensable knowledge to CCNA or CCIP is feeling or it sleeps and, then, around here today though the material around here was written even at the beginning.
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