Now, chief telecommunications engineer to study today
Let's do it! !
It is the story of ADSL-related problems today.
Basically, the ADSL an overview of correct and incorrect sentences
I'd like to determine the problem, and I have ADSL or ISDN
Because when he was a man in his prime, this kind of problem I'm good at
Perhaps, young people these days are like the ADSL
Maybe not familiar
(Bale is so old)
Companies also are engaged, I called a "life entitled" The
I'd have been one after joining new friends, too
New communication system was not originally interested in, so
ADSL like these I like it I do not know or
Somehow, "Speaking of internet ADSL!!" I felt
I miss the days when somehow
Well, the topic I will introduce extraneous issues aside
Seems to be persistent, ADSL person is when he was Mori Tamotsu
I'm in is not particularly difficult problem?
But from that point of view even if your site s that the age
The second sentence is 4 DSLAM or not I'm not the contacts?
In the home or office to the splitter and bridge taps
There will also be set up, if you are interested to communicate
I'll get over your eye and the transmission rate, DSLAM or the
I'm so Ikimasen
By the way, DSLAM is a Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
In short, the literal translation device "digital subscriber line access multiplexer" is.
Well, please think of the huge backbone concentrators.
... It's a problem, "training" is
As they wrote the description, and availability of sub-channels which
The central office ADSL DSLAM side, there is a user communicates with a modem and
So I decide, "or any sub-channels are available?" In addition to
There will be determined in consultation as well as speed here.
Users of ADSL modem and DSLAM central office consultations between the
We are determined considering the attenuation of the signal and noise, on the path
I'd like.
2011/05/15
Problem of PDS technology of timing of OLT or output control
The problem of ..shine.. [akusesunettowa-ku] of the PDS technology etc. is not only specialized skills (exchange) taken up, and firmly a place because the technology as the problem of the transmission exchange equipment and the plant management that happens frequently as the main in this blog to be suppressed.
PDS uses a passive multidrop equipment by abbreviating Passive Double Star and is a diverging technology in this blog as for the optical access though thought the introduction in the past two or more times.
The imagination adheres for a moment even if said, "It is passive" in short, it is a splitter though might be painful.
It was "OLT" becoming the point in today's question.
OLT is abbreviation of Optical Line Terminal and a terminating set of an optical line as shown in the name.
ONU is opposite OLT ..that.. and becomes a terminating set on bureau [**] side on the user side though thinks the desire of [mazu] ONU as for the terminating set of light and the floatage by the terminating set set up.
Note it though it wrote even at the beginning because the problem related to the optical access around here is a problem of frequent occurrence in each subject.
PDS uses a passive multidrop equipment by abbreviating Passive Double Star and is a diverging technology in this blog as for the optical access though thought the introduction in the past two or more times.
The imagination adheres for a moment even if said, "It is passive" in short, it is a splitter though might be painful.
It was "OLT" becoming the point in today's question.
OLT is abbreviation of Optical Line Terminal and a terminating set of an optical line as shown in the name.
ONU is opposite OLT ..that.. and becomes a terminating set on bureau [**] side on the user side though thinks the desire of [mazu] ONU as for the terminating set of light and the floatage by the terminating set set up.
Note it though it wrote even at the beginning because the problem related to the optical access around here is a problem of frequent occurrence in each subject.
2010/11/07
It is a Exchange today.
Hello.
Does chief telecommunications engineer's examination grind make progress?
We will deliver the twist for a moment today because the day before yesterday yesterday and an easy problem continued ･･･.
There is ..difficulty of the problem of this hand.." even if it is said well it is difficult and, then, when it is easy to work because it is a problem of the processor even if not ..switchboard.. familiar if the problem is read, today's material is thought [kochira] ↓↓.
- Software of digital switchboard for telephone
The software of a digital switchboard for the telephone aims at the functional partition, hierarchizing of software, and making of the interface between programs logical to facilitate the function expansion and the operation and maintenance, and is structurized.
These sentences are correct.
The space switch of a digital switchboard for the telephone is used to exchange slots of the time of the same time position between highways.
Two or more processors are prepared, the method to execute the exchange processing as the whole is called a multiprocessor control method by allotting of the function or allotting the load between these, and the method of functionally allotting similar processing with two or more processors is called a load-balancing control method.
These sentences are correct.
- The function and the load are distributed with two or more multiprocessor control method = processor and the exchange processing is executed as a whole.
- Similar processing is allotted with two or more processors load-balancing control method = functionally.
Two or more processors are prepared, the method to execute the exchange processing as the whole is called a multiprocessor control method by allotting of the function or allotting the load between these, and the method of functionally allotting similar processing with two or more processors is called a load-balancing control method.
These sentences are wrong.
- Call processing program..telephone..relay..line..selection..connection..cut..liberate..exchange..connection..operation..control..program..call..dial..figure..receive..call..talk over the telephone..stable footing..provide. The call processing program has achieved the exchange connection operation by observing, analyzing the processing demand in these states, and doing processing necessary for the following state transition.
- Program at input process: Program that scans state of local loops and relay line observing
- An internal processing program: It is composed of the program etc. that translate the program dial figure to which the connection status is decided based on the processing demand detected by the input process program.
- The output processing program: The mistake of left sentences is mis-) output processing program mis-) internal processing program →(positive) output processing program ((→(positive) internal processing program of two points because it says *･･･ composed of the program etc. that detect the program, the call out that drives a telephone call road system device etc. , the response, the local loops such as cutting or the change in the relay line.
The space switch of a digital switchboard for the telephone is used to exchange slots of the time of the same time position between highways.
These sentences are correct.
- - space switch that does the exchange connection between highways in each time slot while space switch = multiplexed exchanges the time
･･･Woops! "Space switch" was set when thinking only the problem of the processor and the program.
It is set questions too much, and does not the installation technician's examination be actual what excerpted from a past considerably old problem and have the necessity remembered too much desperately by today's material recently by "Time switch" of "Space switch" it seem not to be either?However, why don't you look over once because the technical intelligence for the licensed engineer is easily obtained by Web when googling by the key word such as "Space switch" because carelessness is a taboo?Then, around here today
Does chief telecommunications engineer's examination grind make progress?
We will deliver the twist for a moment today because the day before yesterday yesterday and an easy problem continued ･･･.
There is ..difficulty of the problem of this hand.." even if it is said well it is difficult and, then, when it is easy to work because it is a problem of the processor even if not ..switchboard.. familiar if the problem is read, today's material is thought [kochira] ↓↓.
- Software of digital switchboard for telephone
The software of a digital switchboard for the telephone aims at the functional partition, hierarchizing of software, and making of the interface between programs logical to facilitate the function expansion and the operation and maintenance, and is structurized.
These sentences are correct.
The space switch of a digital switchboard for the telephone is used to exchange slots of the time of the same time position between highways.
Two or more processors are prepared, the method to execute the exchange processing as the whole is called a multiprocessor control method by allotting of the function or allotting the load between these, and the method of functionally allotting similar processing with two or more processors is called a load-balancing control method.
These sentences are correct.
- The function and the load are distributed with two or more multiprocessor control method = processor and the exchange processing is executed as a whole.
- Similar processing is allotted with two or more processors load-balancing control method = functionally.
Two or more processors are prepared, the method to execute the exchange processing as the whole is called a multiprocessor control method by allotting of the function or allotting the load between these, and the method of functionally allotting similar processing with two or more processors is called a load-balancing control method.
These sentences are wrong.
- Call processing program..telephone..relay..line..selection..connection..cut..liberate..exchange..connection..operation..control..program..call..dial..figure..receive..call..talk over the telephone..stable footing..provide. The call processing program has achieved the exchange connection operation by observing, analyzing the processing demand in these states, and doing processing necessary for the following state transition.
- Program at input process: Program that scans state of local loops and relay line observing
- An internal processing program: It is composed of the program etc. that translate the program dial figure to which the connection status is decided based on the processing demand detected by the input process program.
- The output processing program: The mistake of left sentences is mis-) output processing program mis-) internal processing program →(positive) output processing program ((→(positive) internal processing program of two points because it says *･･･ composed of the program etc. that detect the program, the call out that drives a telephone call road system device etc. , the response, the local loops such as cutting or the change in the relay line.
The space switch of a digital switchboard for the telephone is used to exchange slots of the time of the same time position between highways.
These sentences are correct.
- - space switch that does the exchange connection between highways in each time slot while space switch = multiplexed exchanges the time
･･･Woops! "Space switch" was set when thinking only the problem of the processor and the program.
It is set questions too much, and does not the installation technician's examination be actual what excerpted from a past considerably old problem and have the necessity remembered too much desperately by today's material recently by "Time switch" of "Space switch" it seem not to be either?However, why don't you look over once because the technical intelligence for the licensed engineer is easily obtained by Web when googling by the key word such as "Space switch" because carelessness is a taboo?Then, around here today
2010/10/30
It is a problem that becomes familiar and is deep. TCP/IP
Sleep today's problem of delivering a basic problem of TCP/IP is a problem of Internet Protocol address.
If the person has challenged CCNA etc. , I think that it is a simple problem very much.
Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Internet Protocol address (IPv4)
Internet Protocol address composed of the binary number in 32 bits divides into the network part and the host part, the network part is used to distinguish and to identify the belonging network, and the host part is used to identify the computer in the belonging network etc.
These sentences are correct.
- The computer in the network that * host part = belongs that distinguishes the network that network part = belongs and identifies it etc. are identified.
It usually delimits every eight bits, and each item is shown by the hexadecimal number, and Internet Protocol address ties at the period and writes between those.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a hexadecimal number and the decimal number of Internet Protocol address.
There are some classes in Internet Protocol address, and class B for a small-scale network is used for class C for a medium-scale network among these for the large scale network as for class A. Moreover, the number of bits of network parts is fixation regardless of the class.
These sentences are wrong.
- For large scale network ..class A.., and for ..class C.. small-scale network
- 【 number of bits of network parts 】 is different in each class (A=8 bit, B=16 bit, and C=24 bit).
How?It is already a level somehow like the quiz rather than the examination paper. Such a score source the service problem sleeps ..doing Get surely.. and, then, : settling down, reading the problem, and taking care not to hang to a trivial hanging around here today.
If the person has challenged CCNA etc. , I think that it is a simple problem very much.
Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Internet Protocol address (IPv4)
Internet Protocol address composed of the binary number in 32 bits divides into the network part and the host part, the network part is used to distinguish and to identify the belonging network, and the host part is used to identify the computer in the belonging network etc.
These sentences are correct.
- The computer in the network that * host part = belongs that distinguishes the network that network part = belongs and identifies it etc. are identified.
It usually delimits every eight bits, and each item is shown by the hexadecimal number, and Internet Protocol address ties at the period and writes between those.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a hexadecimal number and the decimal number of Internet Protocol address.
There are some classes in Internet Protocol address, and class B for a small-scale network is used for class C for a medium-scale network among these for the large scale network as for class A. Moreover, the number of bits of network parts is fixation regardless of the class.
These sentences are wrong.
- For large scale network ..class A.., and for ..class C.. small-scale network
- 【 number of bits of network parts 】 is different in each class (A=8 bit, B=16 bit, and C=24 bit).
How?It is already a level somehow like the quiz rather than the examination paper. Such a score source the service problem sleeps ..doing Get surely.. and, then, : settling down, reading the problem, and taking care not to hang to a trivial hanging around here today.
2010/10/23
The layer model of TCP/IP is set.
Hello.
Today's chief telecommunications engineer's problem is delivered by the TCP/IP relation. Please work lightly because it is feeling like a basic problem of OSI reference model who tend to be very very. Then, today's problem is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Layer model of TCP/IP in the wide sense
Being located in the highest layer is a network interface layer, and the function to achieve the communication on the transmission line between the adjoining nodes is possessed.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is a layer model of TCP/IP, "Network interface layer" is an undermost layer, and the highest layer is an application layer. ｡｡
The Internet layer has the function to do [ru-chingu] such as IP packets, and there is IP in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are correct.
- Because the Internet layer is a hierarchy to which OSI reference model's "Network layer" corresponds, these sentences are answered correctly.
The transport layer enables the communication between the applications that a different host has, and there is Telnet in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are wrong.
- It shall not not be a transport layer, and the application layer be none here. ｡｡
In the application layer, there are a lot of protocols used for a specific application, and are a FTP for the file transfer, SMTP for network management, and SNMP for the E-mail forwarding, etc.
These sentences are wrong.
- ..network management.. SMTP for the E-mail forwarding ..SMTP.. reverses by feeling.
How?･･･ though chief telecommunications engineer's qualification is acquired easily when increasing .."Service problem".. a little more ..so.. Then around here today
Today's chief telecommunications engineer's problem is delivered by the TCP/IP relation. Please work lightly because it is feeling like a basic problem of OSI reference model who tend to be very very. Then, today's problem is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Layer model of TCP/IP in the wide sense
Being located in the highest layer is a network interface layer, and the function to achieve the communication on the transmission line between the adjoining nodes is possessed.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is a layer model of TCP/IP, "Network interface layer" is an undermost layer, and the highest layer is an application layer. ｡｡
The Internet layer has the function to do [ru-chingu] such as IP packets, and there is IP in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are correct.
- Because the Internet layer is a hierarchy to which OSI reference model's "Network layer" corresponds, these sentences are answered correctly.
The transport layer enables the communication between the applications that a different host has, and there is Telnet in the protocol in this layer.
These sentences are wrong.
- It shall not not be a transport layer, and the application layer be none here. ｡｡
In the application layer, there are a lot of protocols used for a specific application, and are a FTP for the file transfer, SMTP for network management, and SNMP for the E-mail forwarding, etc.
These sentences are wrong.
- ..network management.. SMTP for the E-mail forwarding ..SMTP.. reverses by feeling.
How?･･･ though chief telecommunications engineer's qualification is acquired easily when increasing .."Service problem".. a little more ..so.. Then around here today
2010/10/21
Though the problem is H.323
Well, I feel the base of TCP/IP more than saying as for "H.323" though today's chief telecommunications engineer's material is H.323. It neatly examines if it is not good around here because it is knowledge that the problem of the voice coding is not limited to H.323 this time and the protocol of the voice call makes indispensable, it acquires, it sleeps, and, then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Recommendations such as encoding of voice in Internet protocol telephone in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 and making to packet and protocols
In one of the encoding methods of the voice, there is an encoding method by PCM with the transmission speed of 64Kbit/s provided for by ITU-T recommendation G and 711.
These sentences are correct.
- There is μ-LAW or a-LAW in G.711, both are encoded by eight bits, and the transmission speed is 64Kbit/s.
- Signal vs. warp performance of μ-law in a low-level signal is higher than that of A-law.
- The dynamic range of A-law is wider than that of μ-law.
- The μ-law adoption nations will be doing conversion from μ to A use A-law in an international connection.
The voice packet of the Internet protocol telephone is transmitted by using not TCP but UDP as a protocol in the transport layer because real time is demanded, and using RTP as a high-ranking protocol in the transport layer.
These sentences are correct.
- Real time is UDP+RTP if said.
When the delivery confirmation of the IP packet is done, and it is not possible to transmit, it sends it again in UDP though the transmittal confirmation of the IP packet is not done in TCP.
These sentences are wrong.
- TCP is ♪ three way handshaking that does the delivery confirmation.
RTP has the function of the annulment of the packet with a large delay etc. in the protocol to send the real-time data in the voice and animation, etc.
These sentences are correct.
- RTP annuls the packet with a large delay.
Well, how?
Apart from three sentences in the latter half
Do not it be easy remember considerably and does not fight hard against the first G.711?
When easily introducing it
G.711（PCM）・・・IP net in telephone network and enterprise chiefly
G.726（ADPCM）・・・PHS etc. for the main.
G.723.1(ACELP）・・・IP net in enterprise Internet phone/chiefly
G.729（CS-ACELP）・・・IP net in cellular phone and enterprise chiefly
G.722（SB-ADPCM） ・・・IP net in enterprise chiefly
Is it such feeling in the main point?
It easily thinks information around here to obtain fully when googling and seeing and examine it once, please.
Then, around here today
- Recommendations such as encoding of voice in Internet protocol telephone in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 and making to packet and protocols
In one of the encoding methods of the voice, there is an encoding method by PCM with the transmission speed of 64Kbit/s provided for by ITU-T recommendation G and 711.
These sentences are correct.
- There is μ-LAW or a-LAW in G.711, both are encoded by eight bits, and the transmission speed is 64Kbit/s.
- Signal vs. warp performance of μ-law in a low-level signal is higher than that of A-law.
- The dynamic range of A-law is wider than that of μ-law.
- The μ-law adoption nations will be doing conversion from μ to A use A-law in an international connection.
The voice packet of the Internet protocol telephone is transmitted by using not TCP but UDP as a protocol in the transport layer because real time is demanded, and using RTP as a high-ranking protocol in the transport layer.
These sentences are correct.
- Real time is UDP+RTP if said.
When the delivery confirmation of the IP packet is done, and it is not possible to transmit, it sends it again in UDP though the transmittal confirmation of the IP packet is not done in TCP.
These sentences are wrong.
- TCP is ♪ three way handshaking that does the delivery confirmation.
RTP has the function of the annulment of the packet with a large delay etc. in the protocol to send the real-time data in the voice and animation, etc.
These sentences are correct.
- RTP annuls the packet with a large delay.
Well, how?
Apart from three sentences in the latter half
Do not it be easy remember considerably and does not fight hard against the first G.711?
When easily introducing it
G.711（PCM）・・・IP net in telephone network and enterprise chiefly
G.726（ADPCM）・・・PHS etc. for the main.
G.723.1(ACELP）・・・IP net in enterprise Internet phone/chiefly
G.729（CS-ACELP）・・・IP net in cellular phone and enterprise chiefly
G.722（SB-ADPCM） ・・・IP net in enterprise chiefly
Is it such feeling in the main point?
It easily thinks information around here to obtain fully when googling and seeing and examine it once, please.
Then, around here today
2010/10/16
SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
Well, the material of the study of today's chief telecommunications engineer is SIP. Well, common sense or an easy problem is considerably sulky and, then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓ though it is an outline problem of SIP and H.323.
- SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
SIP is standardized by IETF, and a multi half of the message in SIP is described by the binary form.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a binary, and the text form of SIP.
ITU-T recommendation H.323 is composed of two or more protocols that provide for the call control of the terminal and the method of encoding the voice and the image etc.
These sentences are correct.
- H.323 is composed of two or more protocols.
H.323MCU(Multipoint Control Unit) that is one of the components of the telecommunication system in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 offers a function necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- "Multi point communication" is " MCU " in H.323 if said.
Well, how? The message of SIP is thought that the text is common sense and I think that it is understood that H.323 is composed of two or more protocols. MCUI distributes the packet to the terminal when it will quote it from Wiki by abbreviating Multipoint Control Unit, and is an equipment of the teleological conference etc. the third MCU that communicates between multi points. MCU manages the resource of the conference, does the negotiation between terminals, and, according to circumstances, treats the media streams. It is also possible that MCU makes them coexist on the same device as the gateway and the gatekeeper. ･･･ It is remembered that it is not only H.323 exclusive use though it becomes because there are SIP and the corresponding one according to ..MCU.. product, too. Then, around here today
- SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
SIP is standardized by IETF, and a multi half of the message in SIP is described by the binary form.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a binary, and the text form of SIP.
ITU-T recommendation H.323 is composed of two or more protocols that provide for the call control of the terminal and the method of encoding the voice and the image etc.
These sentences are correct.
- H.323 is composed of two or more protocols.
H.323MCU(Multipoint Control Unit) that is one of the components of the telecommunication system in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 offers a function necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- "Multi point communication" is " MCU " in H.323 if said.
Well, how? The message of SIP is thought that the text is common sense and I think that it is understood that H.323 is composed of two or more protocols. MCUI distributes the packet to the terminal when it will quote it from Wiki by abbreviating Multipoint Control Unit, and is an equipment of the teleological conference etc. the third MCU that communicates between multi points. MCU manages the resource of the conference, does the negotiation between terminals, and, according to circumstances, treats the media streams. It is also possible that MCU makes them coexist on the same device as the gateway and the gatekeeper. ･･･ It is remembered that it is not only H.323 exclusive use though it becomes because there are SIP and the corresponding one according to ..MCU.. product, too. Then, around here today
2010/10/09
Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
Hello I think that today's material goes with SIP. Well, because the knowledge of SIP has the part that is already common sense in the network industry and the telecom industry, the chief telecommunications engineer's examination knows the minimum any more though thinks the problem of SIP to be frequent occurrence. It is not the one that today's material judges "Corrections of sentences" as usual, and it is good ..only reading for the time being... If it doesn't have it, knowledge at today's problem level doesn't become work though it is a request substantially message of SIP ･･･ It is not likely to be able to use, and even the packet capture doesn't understand the meaning as the protocol analyzer is also satisfactory. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
The message of SIP includes request (demand) message and response (response) messages. As for the request message, six kinds are standardized by RFC3261 among these.
- There is request (demand) message and response (response) message = messages of SIP.
The request message of SIP is said 【 method 】 in general, and the main usage is as follows.
- In general, the request message of SIP is said 【 method 】.
A: INVITE is the first request message used to establish the session between user agent.
- The first request message used to establish the session between INVITE = user agent
B: 【ACK】 is a request message used to confirm the response message to INVITE was received, and the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
- 【ACK】 In the request message used to confirm the response message to = INVITE was received, the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
C: BYE can be sent from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the set media session.
- It is possible to send it from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the media session BYE = set.
D: CANCEL corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established by the request message used to discontinue setting.
- It corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established CANCE L = by the request message used to discontinue setting.
E: When the user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, RESISTER is used.
- When RESISTER = user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, it is used.
F: When the user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, OPTIONS is used.
- When OPTIONS = user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, it is used.
Well, how though this blog is not considerably seen easily because the frame is small? A person not good at the SIP related problem : sleeping ..study hard.. then around here today because there might be a hindrance also in the business not to mention the examination if it doesn't come to be able to judge the state by seeing CallSequence though it was a problem of the SIP request message.
- Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
The message of SIP includes request (demand) message and response (response) messages. As for the request message, six kinds are standardized by RFC3261 among these.
- There is request (demand) message and response (response) message = messages of SIP.
The request message of SIP is said 【 method 】 in general, and the main usage is as follows.
- In general, the request message of SIP is said 【 method 】.
A: INVITE is the first request message used to establish the session between user agent.
- The first request message used to establish the session between INVITE = user agent
B: 【ACK】 is a request message used to confirm the response message to INVITE was received, and the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
- 【ACK】 In the request message used to confirm the response message to = INVITE was received, the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
C: BYE can be sent from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the set media session.
- It is possible to send it from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the media session BYE = set.
D: CANCEL corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established by the request message used to discontinue setting.
- It corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established CANCE L = by the request message used to discontinue setting.
E: When the user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, RESISTER is used.
- When RESISTER = user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, it is used.
F: When the user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, OPTIONS is used.
- When OPTIONS = user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, it is used.
Well, how though this blog is not considerably seen easily because the frame is small? A person not good at the SIP related problem : sleeping ..study hard.. then around here today because there might be a hindrance also in the business not to mention the examination if it doesn't come to be able to judge the state by seeing CallSequence though it was a problem of the SIP request message.
2010/10/02
SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
Well, the material of the study of today's chief telecommunications engineer is SIP. Well, ↓↓ then ..this right under today's material.. though it is an outline problem of SIP and H.323. sulky an easy problem common sense considerably
- SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
SIP is standardized by IETF, and a multi half of the message in SIP is described by the binary form.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a binary, and the text form of SIP.
ITU-T recommendation H.323 is composed of two or more protocols that provide for the call control of the terminal and the method of encoding the voice and the image etc.
These sentences are correct.
- H.323 is composed of two or more protocols.
H.323MCU(Multipoint Control Unit) that is one of the components of the telecommunication system in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 offers a function necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- "Multi point communication" is " MCU " in H.323 if said.
Well, how? The message of SIP is thought that the text is common sense and I think that I understand H.323 is composed of two or more protocols. MCUI distributes the packet to the terminal when it will quote it from Wiki by abbreviating Multipoint Control Unit, and is an equipment of the teleological conference etc. the third MCU that communicates between multi points. MCU manages the resource of the conference, does the negotiation between terminals, and, according to circumstances, treats the media streams. It is also possible that MCU makes them coexist on the same device as the gateway and the gatekeeper. ･･･ It is remembered that it is not only H.323 exclusive use though it becomes because there are SIP and the corresponding one according to ..MCU.. product, too. Then, around here today
- SIP(Session Initiation Protocol) and ITU-T recommendation H.323
SIP is standardized by IETF, and a multi half of the message in SIP is described by the binary form.
These sentences are wrong.
- It is not a binary, and the text form of SIP.
ITU-T recommendation H.323 is composed of two or more protocols that provide for the call control of the terminal and the method of encoding the voice and the image etc.
These sentences are correct.
- H.323 is composed of two or more protocols.
H.323MCU(Multipoint Control Unit) that is one of the components of the telecommunication system in accordance with ITU-T recommendation H.323 offers a function necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- "Multi point communication" is " MCU " in H.323 if said.
Well, how? The message of SIP is thought that the text is common sense and I think that I understand H.323 is composed of two or more protocols. MCUI distributes the packet to the terminal when it will quote it from Wiki by abbreviating Multipoint Control Unit, and is an equipment of the teleological conference etc. the third MCU that communicates between multi points. MCU manages the resource of the conference, does the negotiation between terminals, and, according to circumstances, treats the media streams. It is also possible that MCU makes them coexist on the same device as the gateway and the gatekeeper. ･･･ It is remembered that it is not only H.323 exclusive use though it becomes because there are SIP and the corresponding one according to ..MCU.. product, too. Then, around here today
2010/09/28
Were you disgusted at ATM adaptation layer?
Well, the material of the study of today's chief telecommunications engineer is an ATM, too. The ATM and the adaptation layer call AAL for short today. AAL is a layer that hits the sub-layer in OSI reference model's data link layer. When you allow me to quote the explanation of the type of AAL from Wiki easily
AAL1 connection type and constant bit rate. Standard for communication of mass animation such as video conferencing telephones. To use one octet of payloads for the control of the order of transmitting the cell, real data becomes 47 octets. It is used in premises LAN.
AAL2 connection type and variable bit rate. Standard for low-speed voice sign. It is allowed to multiplex two or more traffic to one cell to decrease jitter's (swing the delay) influence by assembly and the restoration of the cell, and to send before the cell is filled.
AAL3/4 connectionless type and constant bit rate. Standard for for data communication. AAL3 and AAL4 were integrated by moving the connection setting to a high-ranking layer though it originally proposed AAL3 as a connection type and AAL4 was proposed as a connectionless type. To use four octets of payloads for high-ranking layer PDU information, real data becomes 44 octets.
AAL5 connectionless type and variable bit rate. Standard by which AAL3/4 is simplified. All payloads can be used for real data by assuming a positional detecting function of a high-ranking layer to be only a finality part. It is widely used as large area LAN with Ethernet over ATM, IP over ATM, and PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM). ･･･. It is so. Then, it is based and today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL)
The leased circuit service etc. are used to communicate on the ATM network being classified into service class A pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service for the communication of the fixed speed type. AAL type 1
These sentences are correct.
- AAL type 1 It communicates like the leased circuit service etc. on the ATM network being classified into service class A for the communication = fixed speed type by pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service.
AAL type 2 is used to communicate of the real time character's at a changeable speed not being demanded ..for a low-speed voice-data communication...
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 2 is for a low-speed voice-data communication, and real time AAL for the communication from which the character is demanded at a changeable speed.
- Type 2 is low-speed though type 1 is a fixed speed at a changeable speed ･･･ However, the character is in real time demanded naturally because it uses it for the voice-data communication.
AAL type 3/4 is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- The AAL type is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for 3/4= data communication.
Isn't today's problem comparatively comprehensible?However, correct sentences that become livers of the layer, changing sentences for a moment in the part like "Extra", and setting questions do doing by being ･･･ Then, around here today
AAL1 connection type and constant bit rate. Standard for communication of mass animation such as video conferencing telephones. To use one octet of payloads for the control of the order of transmitting the cell, real data becomes 47 octets. It is used in premises LAN.
AAL2 connection type and variable bit rate. Standard for low-speed voice sign. It is allowed to multiplex two or more traffic to one cell to decrease jitter's (swing the delay) influence by assembly and the restoration of the cell, and to send before the cell is filled.
AAL3/4 connectionless type and constant bit rate. Standard for for data communication. AAL3 and AAL4 were integrated by moving the connection setting to a high-ranking layer though it originally proposed AAL3 as a connection type and AAL4 was proposed as a connectionless type. To use four octets of payloads for high-ranking layer PDU information, real data becomes 44 octets.
AAL5 connectionless type and variable bit rate. Standard by which AAL3/4 is simplified. All payloads can be used for real data by assuming a positional detecting function of a high-ranking layer to be only a finality part. It is widely used as large area LAN with Ethernet over ATM, IP over ATM, and PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM). ･･･. It is so. Then, it is based and today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL)
The leased circuit service etc. are used to communicate on the ATM network being classified into service class A pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service for the communication of the fixed speed type. AAL type 1
These sentences are correct.
- AAL type 1 It communicates like the leased circuit service etc. on the ATM network being classified into service class A for the communication = fixed speed type by pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service.
AAL type 2 is used to communicate of the real time character's at a changeable speed not being demanded ..for a low-speed voice-data communication...
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 2 is for a low-speed voice-data communication, and real time AAL for the communication from which the character is demanded at a changeable speed.
- Type 2 is low-speed though type 1 is a fixed speed at a changeable speed ･･･ However, the character is in real time demanded naturally because it uses it for the voice-data communication.
AAL type 3/4 is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- The AAL type is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for 3/4= data communication.
Isn't today's problem comparatively comprehensible?However, correct sentences that become livers of the layer, changing sentences for a moment in the part like "Extra", and setting questions do doing by being ･･･ Then, around here today
2010/09/24
Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
Well, because the knowledge of SIP has the part that is already common sense in the network industry and the telecom industry, the chief telecommunications engineer's examination knows the minimum any more though thinks the problem of SIP to be frequent occurrence.
And, it is not the one that today's material judges "Corrections of sentences" as usual, and it is good ..only reading for the time being... The level level of today's problem doesn't become work as written at the beginning though the substantial request message of SIP if it doesn't know.
I do not understand the meaning even as for the packet capture because it will not satisfactorily use the protocol analyzer. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
The message of SIP includes request (demand) message and response (response) messages. As for the request message, six kinds are standardized by RFC3261 among these.
- There is request (demand) message and response (response) message = messages of SIP.
The request message of SIP is said 【 method 】 in general, and the main usage is as follows.
- In general, the request message of SIP is said 【 method 】.
A: INVITE is the first request message used to establish the session between user agent.
- The first request message used to establish the session between INVITE = user agent
B: 【ACK】 is a request message used to confirm the response message to INVITE was received, and the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
- 【ACK】 In the request message used to confirm the response message to = INVITE was received, the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
C: BYE can be sent from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the set media session.
- It is possible to send it from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the media session BYE = set.
D: CANCEL corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established by the request message used to discontinue setting.
- It corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established CANCE L = by the request message used to discontinue setting.
E: When the user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, RESISTER is used.
- When RESISTER = user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, it is used.
F: When the user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, OPTIONS is used.
- When OPTIONS = user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, it is used.
Well, how though this blog is not considerably seen easily because the table is not used? ..sleep.. then, a person not good at the problem related to SIP : around here today because there might be a hindrance also in the business not to mention the examination if it doesn't come to be able to judge the state by seeing "CallingSequence" though it was a problem of the request message of SIP ..study hard...
And, it is not the one that today's material judges "Corrections of sentences" as usual, and it is good ..only reading for the time being... The level level of today's problem doesn't become work as written at the beginning though the substantial request message of SIP if it doesn't know.
I do not understand the meaning even as for the packet capture because it will not satisfactorily use the protocol analyzer. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- Outline of connected processing of SIP used with VoIP net
The message of SIP includes request (demand) message and response (response) messages. As for the request message, six kinds are standardized by RFC3261 among these.
- There is request (demand) message and response (response) message = messages of SIP.
The request message of SIP is said 【 method 】 in general, and the main usage is as follows.
- In general, the request message of SIP is said 【 method 】.
A: INVITE is the first request message used to establish the session between user agent.
- The first request message used to establish the session between INVITE = user agent
B: 【ACK】 is a request message used to confirm the response message to INVITE was received, and the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
- 【ACK】 In the request message used to confirm the response message to = INVITE was received, the media session can be established by 【ACK】 for the communication.
C: BYE can be sent from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the set media session.
- It is possible to send it from either the caller or the receiver by the request message used to end the media session BYE = set.
D: CANCEL corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established by the request message used to discontinue setting.
- It corresponds to breaking the connection before the other party responds when calling it before the media session is established CANCE L = by the request message used to discontinue setting.
E: When the user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, RESISTER is used.
- When RESISTER = user agent registers 【URI】 that is my location information (location information) and Internet Protocol address to the SIP network, it is used.
F: When the user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, OPTIONS is used.
- When OPTIONS = user agent inquires the ability and the state to other user agent and 【 proxy 】 server, it is used.
Well, how though this blog is not considerably seen easily because the table is not used? ..sleep.. then, a person not good at the problem related to SIP : around here today because there might be a hindrance also in the business not to mention the examination if it doesn't come to be able to judge the state by seeing "CallingSequence" though it was a problem of the request message of SIP ..study hard...
2010/09/21
About VP and VC of the ATM
Yes, I think that today's chief telecommunications engineer's material also goes by the ATM. In today's problem, virtual passing VC is a virtual channel in VP in VP and VC of the ATM. Is VP (virtual pass) a virtual transmission line in short and it only have to be thought the transmission line of the ATM and SDH?It is a group of a logical virtual line that mutually connects the edge tune. VC (virtual channel) is a road to put it briefly as shown in data. A few VC can be passed through one VP and good transmission of efficiency can be done. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- VP of ATM (virtual passing) and VC (virtual channel)
In the sending terminal, the VCI value in which the receiving terminal that is the address is indicated directly is set to the VCI field of the ATM cell.
These sentences are wrong.
- VCI doesn't indicate the address directly. VCI decentralization only arranges and is used only to distinguish the channel that each cell belongs in the done each switch.
- Only the VCI value shows the channel, and even the terminal is not shown.
In the method of setting VC, there is PVC method set like the SVC method and the lease line, etc. of the setting at each communication based on the contract.
These sentences are correct.
- Method of setting only SVC = to communicate, and liberating virtual channel with end of communication
- Method of assuming virtual channel to be to be remain set for a long term by PVC = contract etc.
In the ATM network where the VP crossing connection was used, VC is set with the ATM switch in the terminal of VP.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, the setting of VC is a switch in the terminal of VP.
VC accommodated by VP besides VC accommodated by a certain VP of the output port of the ATM switch can use the same VCI value.
These sentences are correct.
- Yes, it is possible to use it.
さて、いかがでしたか？明日からの週末も気を抜かずに伝送交換の勉強がんばってくださいね。それでは今日はこの辺で。
- VP of ATM (virtual passing) and VC (virtual channel)
In the sending terminal, the VCI value in which the receiving terminal that is the address is indicated directly is set to the VCI field of the ATM cell.
These sentences are wrong.
- VCI doesn't indicate the address directly. VCI decentralization only arranges and is used only to distinguish the channel that each cell belongs in the done each switch.
- Only the VCI value shows the channel, and even the terminal is not shown.
In the method of setting VC, there is PVC method set like the SVC method and the lease line, etc. of the setting at each communication based on the contract.
These sentences are correct.
- Method of setting only SVC = to communicate, and liberating virtual channel with end of communication
- Method of assuming virtual channel to be to be remain set for a long term by PVC = contract etc.
In the ATM network where the VP crossing connection was used, VC is set with the ATM switch in the terminal of VP.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, the setting of VC is a switch in the terminal of VP.
VC accommodated by VP besides VC accommodated by a certain VP of the output port of the ATM switch can use the same VCI value.
These sentences are correct.
- Yes, it is possible to use it.
さて、いかがでしたか？明日からの週末も気を抜かずに伝送交換の勉強がんばってくださいね。それでは今日はこの辺で。
2010/09/20
ATM adaptation layer
Well, the material of the study of today's chief telecommunications engineer is an ATM, too. The ATM and the adaptation layer are studied today. The ATM adaptation layer is called AAL for short. AAL is a layer that hits the sub-layer in OSI reference model's data link layer.
When I am allowed to quote the explanation of the type of AAL from Wiki easily, it is AAL1 connection type and a constant bit rate. Standard for communication of mass animation such as video conferencing telephones. To use one octet of payloads for the control of the order of transmitting the cell, real data becomes 47 octets. It is used in premises LAN. AAL2 connection type and variable bit rate. Standard for low-speed voice sign. It is allowed to multiplex two or more traffic to one cell to decrease jitter's (swing the delay) influence by assembly and the restoration of the cell, and to send before the cell is filled. AAL3/4 connectionless type and constant bit rate. Standard for for data communication. AAL3 and AAL4 were integrated by moving the connection setting to a high-ranking layer though it originally proposed AAL3 as a connection type and AAL4 was proposed as a connectionless type. To use four octets of payloads for high-ranking layer PDU information, real data becomes 44 octets. AAL5 connectionless type and variable bit rate. Standard by which AAL3/4 is simplified. All payloads can be used for real data by assuming a positional detecting function of a high-ranking layer to be only a finality part. It is widely used as large area LAN with Ethernet over ATM, IP over ATM, and PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM). ･･･. It is so. Then, it is based and today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL
The leased circuit service etc. are used to communicate on the ATM network being classified into service class A pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service for the communication of the fixed speed type. AAL type 1
These sentences are correct.
- AAL type 1 It communicates like the leased circuit service etc. on the ATM network being classified into service class A for the communication = fixed speed type by pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service.
AAL type 2 is used to communicate of the real time character's at a changeable speed not being demanded ..for a low-speed voice-data communication...
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 2 is for a low-speed voice-data communication, and real time AAL for the communication from which the character is demanded at a changeable speed.
- Type 2 is low-speed though type 1 is a fixed speed at a changeable speed ･･･ However, the character is in real time demanded naturally because it uses it for the voice-data communication.
AAL type 3/4 is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- The AAL type is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for 3/4= data communication.
Isn't today's problem comparatively comprehensible?However, correct sentences that become the texts of the layer, changing sentences for a moment in the part like "Extra", and setting questions do doing by being ･･･ Then, around here today
When I am allowed to quote the explanation of the type of AAL from Wiki easily, it is AAL1 connection type and a constant bit rate. Standard for communication of mass animation such as video conferencing telephones. To use one octet of payloads for the control of the order of transmitting the cell, real data becomes 47 octets. It is used in premises LAN. AAL2 connection type and variable bit rate. Standard for low-speed voice sign. It is allowed to multiplex two or more traffic to one cell to decrease jitter's (swing the delay) influence by assembly and the restoration of the cell, and to send before the cell is filled. AAL3/4 connectionless type and constant bit rate. Standard for for data communication. AAL3 and AAL4 were integrated by moving the connection setting to a high-ranking layer though it originally proposed AAL3 as a connection type and AAL4 was proposed as a connectionless type. To use four octets of payloads for high-ranking layer PDU information, real data becomes 44 octets. AAL5 connectionless type and variable bit rate. Standard by which AAL3/4 is simplified. All payloads can be used for real data by assuming a positional detecting function of a high-ranking layer to be only a finality part. It is widely used as large area LAN with Ethernet over ATM, IP over ATM, and PPPoA (Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM). ･･･. It is so. Then, it is based and today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL
The leased circuit service etc. are used to communicate on the ATM network being classified into service class A pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service for the communication of the fixed speed type. AAL type 1
These sentences are correct.
- AAL type 1 It communicates like the leased circuit service etc. on the ATM network being classified into service class A for the communication = fixed speed type by pseudo.. resemblance of existing line service.
AAL type 2 is used to communicate of the real time character's at a changeable speed not being demanded ..for a low-speed voice-data communication...
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 2 is for a low-speed voice-data communication, and real time AAL for the communication from which the character is demanded at a changeable speed.
- Type 2 is low-speed though type 1 is a fixed speed at a changeable speed ･･･ However, the character is in real time demanded naturally because it uses it for the voice-data communication.
AAL type 3/4 is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- The AAL type is hardly used from becoming of AAL type 5 with few overheads or more the main current for the data communication for 3/4= data communication.
Isn't today's problem comparatively comprehensible?However, correct sentences that become the texts of the layer, changing sentences for a moment in the part like "Extra", and setting questions do doing by being ･･･ Then, around here today
2010/09/17
About VP and VC of the ATM
Yes, I think that today's chief telecommunications engineer's material also goes by the ATM. In today's problem, virtual passing VC is a virtual channel in VP in VP and VC of the ATM. Is VP (virtual pass) a virtual transmission line in short and it only have to be thought the transmission line of the ATM and SDH?It is a group of a logical virtual line that mutually connects the edge tune. VC (virtual channel) is a road to put it briefly as shown in data. A few VC can be passed through one VP and ..[] that does good transmission of efficiency.. technique. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- VP of ATM (virtual passing) and VC (virtual channel)
In the sending terminal, the VCI value in which the receiving terminal that is the address is indicated directly is set to the VCI field of the ATM cell.
These sentences are wrong.
- VCI doesn't indicate the address directly. VCI decentralization only arranges and is used only to distinguish the channel that each cell belongs in the done each switch.
- Only the VCI value shows the channel, and even the terminal is not shown.
In the method of setting VC, there is PVC method set like the SVC method and the lease line, etc. of the setting at each communication based on the contract.
These sentences are correct.
- Method of setting only SVC = to communicate, and liberating virtual channel with end of communication
- Method of assuming virtual channel to be to be remain set for a long term by PVC = contract etc.
In the ATM network where the VP crossing connection was used, VC is set with the ATM switch in the terminal of VP.
These sentences are correct.
- When it curves, the setting of VC might be a switch in the terminal of VP.
VC accommodated by VP besides VC accommodated by a certain VP of the output port of the ATM switch can use the same VCI value.
These sentences are correct.
- Yes, it is possible to use it.
Well, how?It studies and the transmission exchange holds out without pulling out the nature on the weekend from tomorrow. Then, around here today.
- VP of ATM (virtual passing) and VC (virtual channel)
In the sending terminal, the VCI value in which the receiving terminal that is the address is indicated directly is set to the VCI field of the ATM cell.
These sentences are wrong.
- VCI doesn't indicate the address directly. VCI decentralization only arranges and is used only to distinguish the channel that each cell belongs in the done each switch.
- Only the VCI value shows the channel, and even the terminal is not shown.
In the method of setting VC, there is PVC method set like the SVC method and the lease line, etc. of the setting at each communication based on the contract.
These sentences are correct.
- Method of setting only SVC = to communicate, and liberating virtual channel with end of communication
- Method of assuming virtual channel to be to be remain set for a long term by PVC = contract etc.
In the ATM network where the VP crossing connection was used, VC is set with the ATM switch in the terminal of VP.
These sentences are correct.
- When it curves, the setting of VC might be a switch in the terminal of VP.
VC accommodated by VP besides VC accommodated by a certain VP of the output port of the ATM switch can use the same VCI value.
These sentences are correct.
- Yes, it is possible to use it.
Well, how?It studies and the transmission exchange holds out without pulling out the nature on the weekend from tomorrow. Then, around here today.
2010/09/16
OAM function of ATM layer
Well, today's chief telecommunications engineer's material is an ATM. They are problems of behavior and the operation, etc. of the OAM cell this time though the OAM cell calls the cell that transmits information on the maintenance operation management in the cell of the ATM. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- OAM function of ATM layer
The warning transfer function is achieved by sending the OAM cell that displays the breakdown to VP and VC from the device that detects the breakdown of a physical layer or the ATM layer.
These sentences are correct.
- The warning transfer function: The breakdown notification is done by sending the OAM cell (AIS cell and RDI cell) that displays the breakdown to VP or VC from the device that detects the breakdown of a function, a physical layer or the ATM layer that notifies VP and VC not to be able to be used when the breakdown occurs in the transfer function of a physical layer or the ATM layer.
VP-RDI: Signal that is judged breakdown, and sent at transmitting end when user information cell or OAM cell doesn't receive it on receiving side longer than fixed time
Signal to notify direction of reception side from the connection point the breakdown when breakdown of VP-AIS:VP connection is detected
The loop back cell that receives it is sent back as it is in the device specified for a halfway mark though the connection of the communication of a specified section of arbitrary VP and VC confirmation uses the loop back function.
These sentences are wrong.
- The OAM cell for the loop back is sent from the device on the edge of the section where it wants to confirm the communication connection. The number of the device on the other edge is written in the loop back cell as a halfway mark. This loop back cell is sent in the counter direction when received with the device for which the loop back cell is specified for a halfway mark. The communication connection in a specified section is confirmed first by receiving the turned loop back cell in the device that sends the loop back cell.
- Moreover, the meaning of this explanation is not understood. ｡｡
- Anyway, the part of "Send it back as it is" is a mistake, and "It rewrites in a specific value and send it back" answers correctly.
- The least significant bit of the loop back display field displays whether the loop back has already been executed by the pool algebra form. It is confirmed whether the loop back is executed by this field in the ATM layer. This field is coded to "00000001" in the source point. In the loop back point, it replaces it with "00 million".
The number of cell losses and the number etc. of mistakes of VP and VC can be confirmed on the receiving side according to information on the OAM cell for the continuity check.
These sentences are wrong.
- The number of cell losses and the number etc. of sign mistakes of VP and VC cannot be confirmed by using OAM cell information for the reception side continuity check.
- Anyway, it seems to be "It is not possible to judge on the receiving side. "
The continuity check function and the performance monitoring function start/are stopped by start/stop OAM cell. Which function start/is stopped is specified in peculiar to the function of the payload field.
These sentences are wrong.
- Which function start/is stopped is specified by the OAM function type of the payload.
- Continuity check or performance monitoring function or which is used is specified by "OAM function type".
Well, how about you?It is caught to the problem if it studies really neatly, and it doesn't remember surely if it is necessary to judge the correction from either that rewrites only ending of a words of sentences and sentences that can be taken. Because frequency of setting questions is considerably high, let's work hard and remember the OAM relation in the problem of the ATM. Then, around here today
- OAM function of ATM layer
The warning transfer function is achieved by sending the OAM cell that displays the breakdown to VP and VC from the device that detects the breakdown of a physical layer or the ATM layer.
These sentences are correct.
- The warning transfer function: The breakdown notification is done by sending the OAM cell (AIS cell and RDI cell) that displays the breakdown to VP or VC from the device that detects the breakdown of a function, a physical layer or the ATM layer that notifies VP and VC not to be able to be used when the breakdown occurs in the transfer function of a physical layer or the ATM layer.
VP-RDI: Signal that is judged breakdown, and sent at transmitting end when user information cell or OAM cell doesn't receive it on receiving side longer than fixed time
Signal to notify direction of reception side from the connection point the breakdown when breakdown of VP-AIS:VP connection is detected
The loop back cell that receives it is sent back as it is in the device specified for a halfway mark though the connection of the communication of a specified section of arbitrary VP and VC confirmation uses the loop back function.
These sentences are wrong.
- The OAM cell for the loop back is sent from the device on the edge of the section where it wants to confirm the communication connection. The number of the device on the other edge is written in the loop back cell as a halfway mark. This loop back cell is sent in the counter direction when received with the device for which the loop back cell is specified for a halfway mark. The communication connection in a specified section is confirmed first by receiving the turned loop back cell in the device that sends the loop back cell.
- Moreover, the meaning of this explanation is not understood. ｡｡
- Anyway, the part of "Send it back as it is" is a mistake, and "It rewrites in a specific value and send it back" answers correctly.
- The least significant bit of the loop back display field displays whether the loop back has already been executed by the pool algebra form. It is confirmed whether the loop back is executed by this field in the ATM layer. This field is coded to "00000001" in the source point. In the loop back point, it replaces it with "00 million".
The number of cell losses and the number etc. of mistakes of VP and VC can be confirmed on the receiving side according to information on the OAM cell for the continuity check.
These sentences are wrong.
- The number of cell losses and the number etc. of sign mistakes of VP and VC cannot be confirmed by using OAM cell information for the reception side continuity check.
- Anyway, it seems to be "It is not possible to judge on the receiving side. "
The continuity check function and the performance monitoring function start/are stopped by start/stop OAM cell. Which function start/is stopped is specified in peculiar to the function of the payload field.
These sentences are wrong.
- Which function start/is stopped is specified by the OAM function type of the payload.
- Continuity check or performance monitoring function or which is used is specified by "OAM function type".
Well, how about you?It is caught to the problem if it studies really neatly, and it doesn't remember surely if it is necessary to judge the correction from either that rewrites only ending of a words of sentences and sentences that can be taken. Because frequency of setting questions is considerably high, let's work hard and remember the OAM relation in the problem of the ATM. Then, around here today
2010/09/15
Problem of ATM adaptation layer
Well, please not only do ..problem of the ATM.. specialized subject and study the problem of the transmission exchange and the plant management hard the chief telecommunications engineer's of today study though it peels off ATM because it is an item of frequent occurrence.
Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL) type 5
The overhead when communicating compared with other AAL types is minimum because there are neither header nor trailers in cell splitting and assembly unpleasant sable (SAR) in AAL type 5.
These sentences are correct.
- The overhead when the AAL type 5= is communicated is minimum.
- There is AAL type neither the header nor 5= trailer (To SAR).
It differs from AAL type 3/4, and it mistakes and it detects it by cyclic check sign (CRC) in ten bits in each sequence number of the cell in AAL type 5.
These sentences are wrong.
- It mistakes only because of the CRC check of CPCS-PDU after the sequence number etc. of the cell are not used for the fault sensing, and the frame is assembled and it detects it.
- Each cell mistakes, it doesn't detect, each CPCS-PDU is mistaken because of the CRC check, and it detects it.
AAL type 5 can efficiently offer the voice and the image at a changeable speed in service class B of AAL to a high-ranking layer compared with AAL type 3.
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 5 is defined as an ATM adaptation layer to provide the voice at a changeable speed of service class B and the service of the image etc.
- ↑ Moreover, this explanation is unknown. ｡｡
- Because AAL type 5 is not connection OR connectionless "Class B" in class D because it is type VBR and "Class D", these sentences might be mistakes.
Well, how?The bytalk, I have the memory of the examination of the problem of this ATM in the document of the Cisco system well considerably and rolling it up. Because information is obtained on the site etc. where the qualification acquisition of the reference book of CCNP or Cisco was made a subject, I think it is good when looking over once when it is not good though it is not thought that the technical book of the ATM system is found to be an almost good. Then, around here today
Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓↓.
- ATM adaptation layer (AAL) type 5
The overhead when communicating compared with other AAL types is minimum because there are neither header nor trailers in cell splitting and assembly unpleasant sable (SAR) in AAL type 5.
These sentences are correct.
- The overhead when the AAL type 5= is communicated is minimum.
- There is AAL type neither the header nor 5= trailer (To SAR).
It differs from AAL type 3/4, and it mistakes and it detects it by cyclic check sign (CRC) in ten bits in each sequence number of the cell in AAL type 5.
These sentences are wrong.
- It mistakes only because of the CRC check of CPCS-PDU after the sequence number etc. of the cell are not used for the fault sensing, and the frame is assembled and it detects it.
- Each cell mistakes, it doesn't detect, each CPCS-PDU is mistaken because of the CRC check, and it detects it.
AAL type 5 can efficiently offer the voice and the image at a changeable speed in service class B of AAL to a high-ranking layer compared with AAL type 3.
These sentences are wrong.
- AAL type 5 is defined as an ATM adaptation layer to provide the voice at a changeable speed of service class B and the service of the image etc.
- ↑ Moreover, this explanation is unknown. ｡｡
- Because AAL type 5 is not connection OR connectionless "Class B" in class D because it is type VBR and "Class D", these sentences might be mistakes.
Well, how?The bytalk, I have the memory of the examination of the problem of this ATM in the document of the Cisco system well considerably and rolling it up. Because information is obtained on the site etc. where the qualification acquisition of the reference book of CCNP or Cisco was made a subject, I think it is good when looking over once when it is not good though it is not thought that the technical book of the ATM system is found to be an almost good. Then, around here today
Even if a net synchronous method is said
Well, there is considerably a person who googles to analyze the person whom this blog inspected by the key word 【 telecommunication chief engineer reference book 】 though 20 days have passed since the study of the chief telecommunications engineer today, and this blog were established. Is all "It is necessary to study on earth with what" evidences to worry?This..blog..past..several times..write..think..this..qualification..reference book..exist..enough..test range..narrow..past..ask..get tired..the..inside..doubt..matter..good at..field..enumerate..correspond..technical book..buy..think.Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓.
- Net synchronous method in digital data exchange network
The variable frequency oscillator is prepared in each bureau in the net, and the method to control the oscillatory frequency of the bureau based on the phase lag of the clock of another bureau and the clock of the bureau is called mutual synchronous methods.
These sentences are correct.
- The variable frequency oscillator is prepared in each bureau in the net mutual synchronization =, and the oscillatory frequency of the bureau is controlled based on the phase lag of the clock of another bureau and the clock of the bureau.
The method to match the frequency of the general situation in the net by preparing one main oscillator in the master station (master bureau), and distributing the clock of the master station is called a subordination synchronous method.
These sentences are correct.
- Method to match frequency of general situation in net by preparing one main oscillator in slave synchronization = master station, and distributing clock of master station
A subordination synchronous method is divided into a strong connection type and a weak connection type depending on the action method of the master station when the disturbance and the breakdown occur in the clock distribution.
These sentences are wrong.
- A subordination synchronous method is divided into a strong connection type and a weak connection type depending on the action method of the tributary station in preparation for time when the disturbance and the breakdown occurred in the clock distribution.
- The breakdown influences a subordination synchronous method the disturbance of the transmission line.
- Make noise because it disturbance = is confused. Moreover, disturb the peace and order. Disturbance.
- Then, do not undertake all influences when the disturbance and the breakdown occur because everyone follows the master station.
The control over between bureaux is unnecessary though the oscillator with high accuracy like the cesium oscillator is demanded as for independence and synchronous a method.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, "Control over between bureaux" might be unnecessary because it becomes independent.
Today's material was a problem of the synchro system for the digital data exchange network. The net synchronization might be able technological used by the multiplexer etc. to say nothing of the switchboard to correspond considerably even if there is no knowledge of the district if the meaning of the word is often considered though comes out "Mutual", "Subordination", "Independence" or various methods. Then, around here today
- Net synchronous method in digital data exchange network
The variable frequency oscillator is prepared in each bureau in the net, and the method to control the oscillatory frequency of the bureau based on the phase lag of the clock of another bureau and the clock of the bureau is called mutual synchronous methods.
These sentences are correct.
- The variable frequency oscillator is prepared in each bureau in the net mutual synchronization =, and the oscillatory frequency of the bureau is controlled based on the phase lag of the clock of another bureau and the clock of the bureau.
The method to match the frequency of the general situation in the net by preparing one main oscillator in the master station (master bureau), and distributing the clock of the master station is called a subordination synchronous method.
These sentences are correct.
- Method to match frequency of general situation in net by preparing one main oscillator in slave synchronization = master station, and distributing clock of master station
A subordination synchronous method is divided into a strong connection type and a weak connection type depending on the action method of the master station when the disturbance and the breakdown occur in the clock distribution.
These sentences are wrong.
- A subordination synchronous method is divided into a strong connection type and a weak connection type depending on the action method of the tributary station in preparation for time when the disturbance and the breakdown occurred in the clock distribution.
- The breakdown influences a subordination synchronous method the disturbance of the transmission line.
- Make noise because it disturbance = is confused. Moreover, disturb the peace and order. Disturbance.
- Then, do not undertake all influences when the disturbance and the breakdown occur because everyone follows the master station.
The control over between bureaux is unnecessary though the oscillator with high accuracy like the cesium oscillator is demanded as for independence and synchronous a method.
These sentences are correct.
- Naturally, "Control over between bureaux" might be unnecessary because it becomes independent.
Today's material was a problem of the synchro system for the digital data exchange network. The net synchronization might be able technological used by the multiplexer etc. to say nothing of the switchboard to correspond considerably even if there is no knowledge of the district if the meaning of the word is often considered though comes out "Mutual", "Subordination", "Independence" or various methods. Then, around here today
2010/09/14
It is a problem of H.323.
Well, let's study the chief telecommunications engineer today. H.323 will really neatly feel a detailed protocol name for today's material in H.323 calmly reading the problem because there are a lot of confusing problems. whether to say regret to the remembranceThen, today's material is [kore] ↓↓.
- System that achieves communication by protocol of H.323
The H.323 terminal is a device that the user uses to do a real-time voice transmission, the image transmission, and the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- Woo
As for "XXX terminal", isn't any protocol so for the user to use?
The H.323 gateway has the voice and the transducer function of the form of the transmission of information on the image needed to communicate between the H.323 terminal and the terminal of an existing line switching network like the telephone network etc.
These sentences are correct.
- The voice and the transducer function of the form of the transmission of information on the image are done, and the gateway is needed to communicate between terminals of an existing line switching network like the telephone network etc.
The H.323 gatekeeper has the communication mode control function etc. to secure the quality of the function and the communication that converts caller's telephone number etc. into Internet Protocol address.
These sentences are wrong.
- The gatekeeper manages caller's telephone number and the relation with Internet Protocol address, etc.It doesn't have the communication mode control function.
- The gatekeeper doesn't work to make a mistake .."Communication mode control function" in the latter half.. ..the part.. though it is correct around of "The telephone number is converted into Internet Protocol address" for forequarters of sentences ..so...
H.323MCU has a broadcast function etc. necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- MCU communicates a multi point.
Well, how?Sentences of "Mistake" put there is no confidence for a moment, and "Here might be a mistake" might be a correct answer of the search for saying though it is considerably confusing because the problem of this hand does the writing of nasty sentences the stern can be very removed by the pronunciation. Then, around here today
- System that achieves communication by protocol of H.323
The H.323 terminal is a device that the user uses to do a real-time voice transmission, the image transmission, and the data communication.
These sentences are correct.
- Woo
As for "XXX terminal", isn't any protocol so for the user to use?
The H.323 gateway has the voice and the transducer function of the form of the transmission of information on the image needed to communicate between the H.323 terminal and the terminal of an existing line switching network like the telephone network etc.
These sentences are correct.
- The voice and the transducer function of the form of the transmission of information on the image are done, and the gateway is needed to communicate between terminals of an existing line switching network like the telephone network etc.
The H.323 gatekeeper has the communication mode control function etc. to secure the quality of the function and the communication that converts caller's telephone number etc. into Internet Protocol address.
These sentences are wrong.
- The gatekeeper manages caller's telephone number and the relation with Internet Protocol address, etc.It doesn't have the communication mode control function.
- The gatekeeper doesn't work to make a mistake .."Communication mode control function" in the latter half.. ..the part.. though it is correct around of "The telephone number is converted into Internet Protocol address" for forequarters of sentences ..so...
H.323MCU has a broadcast function etc. necessary to achieve the multi point communication (communication done with three terminals or more).
These sentences are correct.
- MCU communicates a multi point.
Well, how?Sentences of "Mistake" put there is no confidence for a moment, and "Here might be a mistake" might be a correct answer of the search for saying though it is considerably confusing because the problem of this hand does the writing of nasty sentences the stern can be very removed by the pronunciation. Then, around here today
2010/09/13
I will aim at the chief telecommunications engineer's qualification acquisition.
Well, I think that have the problem of the network system seen after a long time today. The problem of such a network system and the protocol system increases in recent years, too and the person who has challenged a technical engineer might grapple easily with chief telecommunications engineer's problem up to now. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓.
- Function of router etc.
The function to judge right or wrong of the street of the packet is provided for one thing in each port number of the protocol in the transport layer, and the access from the outside by a specific protocol of the FTP etc. can restrict no permission etc. of the filtering function of the router.
These sentences are correct.
- It is a description of "Access list".
In the static routing method that is one of the setting methods of the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively converted between routers at a long interval time day and generally every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
These sentences are wrong.
- In the dynamic routing method that is one of the methods of setting the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively exchanged between routers at a long interval time generally day or every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
- The update doesn't do the routing table to the static routing by the automatic operation.
In RIP2(RIP Vervion2) that is one of the routing protocols of the dynamic routing method, using it from no function of the transmission of subnet mask information on the network composed of a variable-length subnet is unsuitable.
These sentences are wrong.
- In RIP2, the field of message formats not used is used, and the field of the route tag, the subnet mask, and the next hop is increased. Moreover, the IP multicast became available because of the load reduction of the network, too. Therefore, the function to transmit subnet mask information exists.
- When it is RIPv1, subnet information be able to be done certainly and come to do RIPv2 though it is incommunicable.
Three layer switches that are composed of the hardware subject because the performance that the router possesses is becoming a bottleneck on the network and work at high speed are developed, and the high-speed packet forwarding technologies of the store and the forward method, etc. are used.
These sentences are wrong.
- These sentences are explanations of cutting the through method. There is a merit that the priority control and error correction can be done instead of lacking at high speed (real time) because the transmission delay is generated unlike the circuit switching method when the store and the forward method (stored and forward switching system) are introduced.
- Neither the store nor the forward are so early. (Accumulate the packet and priority control and because it is done that the error is corrected. )
- As such, a free fragmentation is early (Because only the header part is confirmed).
- Cut and the through is the earliest (Because the packet is forwarded without confirming it).
Well, how?Sleeping then around here today though it is thought that it was a comparatively gentle problem if it is not good at problem of such a genre ..might take the study of a technical engineer and CCNA/CCIP for a moment by you..
- Function of router etc.
The function to judge right or wrong of the street of the packet is provided for one thing in each port number of the protocol in the transport layer, and the access from the outside by a specific protocol of the FTP etc. can restrict no permission etc. of the filtering function of the router.
These sentences are correct.
- It is a description of "Access list".
In the static routing method that is one of the setting methods of the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively converted between routers at a long interval time day and generally every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
These sentences are wrong.
- In the dynamic routing method that is one of the methods of setting the routing table of the router, information is automatically comparatively exchanged between routers at a long interval time generally day or every month, etc. and the routing table is renewed.
- The update doesn't do the routing table to the static routing by the automatic operation.
In RIP2(RIP Vervion2) that is one of the routing protocols of the dynamic routing method, using it from no function of the transmission of subnet mask information on the network composed of a variable-length subnet is unsuitable.
These sentences are wrong.
- In RIP2, the field of message formats not used is used, and the field of the route tag, the subnet mask, and the next hop is increased. Moreover, the IP multicast became available because of the load reduction of the network, too. Therefore, the function to transmit subnet mask information exists.
- When it is RIPv1, subnet information be able to be done certainly and come to do RIPv2 though it is incommunicable.
Three layer switches that are composed of the hardware subject because the performance that the router possesses is becoming a bottleneck on the network and work at high speed are developed, and the high-speed packet forwarding technologies of the store and the forward method, etc. are used.
These sentences are wrong.
- These sentences are explanations of cutting the through method. There is a merit that the priority control and error correction can be done instead of lacking at high speed (real time) because the transmission delay is generated unlike the circuit switching method when the store and the forward method (stored and forward switching system) are introduced.
- Neither the store nor the forward are so early. (Accumulate the packet and priority control and because it is done that the error is corrected. )
- As such, a free fragmentation is early (Because only the header part is confirmed).
- Cut and the through is the earliest (Because the packet is forwarded without confirming it).
Well, how?Sleeping then around here today though it is thought that it was a comparatively gentle problem if it is not good at problem of such a genre ..might take the study of a technical engineer and CCNA/CCIP for a moment by you..
It exchanges it today.
Does the chief telecommunications engineer's study make progress?Excellent study is necessary for passing of the chief telecommunications engineer of the transmission exchange and it just prays that be able it to sleep, and to become your post even a little this blog sincerely. Then, today's material is [kochira] ↓.
- Call processing program of digital switchboard for telephone
Call processing program is divided roughly into internal processing and the output processing at the input process. As for these processing, the operation order is controlled by the maintenance operation program, and high processing of the emergency degree interrupts low processing and is executed.
These sentences are wrong.
- As for these processing, the operation order is controlled by a central controller, and high processing of the emergency degree interrupts low processing and is executed.
- ..floatage.. ?As for "Maintenance operation program" [n] and in sentences, is the part good for "Central processing unit" if it mends?
- A central controller moves at the base level when all work at the clock level ends and is processing work. The result is brought together on the way of work when the constant period passes before work at the base level ends and the work that interrupts at the base level at the next cycle is drawn out after it interrupts, and it works at the clock level and it restarts.
- Is there such sentences, too and "Maintenance operation program" →"Central processing unit. " in sentences perhaps?｡｡
It is caught as input information, and internal processing begins if the state of the clock is observed, and there is a change at the input process.
These sentences are correct.
- It is assumed to be input information if the state of the local loops or the line like the call out, the response, cutting, and the dial pulse, etc. is observed, and there is a change and catching the internal processing begins at the input process.
- "State of the clock" is not observed and "State of the subscriber or the line" is observed.
- ｡｡｡Are not you the no use of observing the clock it?
Internal processing analyzes input information, does necessary processing, and the output processing drives a telephone call road system device based on the result. A series of processing that selects the trunk and the route in internal processing is called a token.
These sentences are wrong.
- A series of work to select the trunk and the route in internal processing is called routing. It is correct in the first halfs of sentences.
- It is not a token and routing.
The transition condition between these states is described and the one having provided for piece processing function is called a state transition chart though it can be thought that the process from "Start of call" of one "Call" to "End of call" is the transition between two or more states.
These sentences are correct.
- The one that the transition condition between state transition chart = states is described and regulations of piece processing function
- The process from "Start of Call" of one "Call" to "End of Call" is a transition between two or more steady states.
It is possible to provide for "Call processing program" by the state transition chart to have recorded the transition condition between these states.
Well, often note successfully caught to hanging if there are a lot of problems sleeping around here excellent nasty the problem of the call processing program this time and the flow of the term and processing is not remembered neatly. Then, around here today
- Call processing program of digital switchboard for telephone
Call processing program is divided roughly into internal processing and the output processing at the input process. As for these processing, the operation order is controlled by the maintenance operation program, and high processing of the emergency degree interrupts low processing and is executed.
These sentences are wrong.
- As for these processing, the operation order is controlled by a central controller, and high processing of the emergency degree interrupts low processing and is executed.
- ..floatage.. ?As for "Maintenance operation program" [n] and in sentences, is the part good for "Central processing unit" if it mends?
- A central controller moves at the base level when all work at the clock level ends and is processing work. The result is brought together on the way of work when the constant period passes before work at the base level ends and the work that interrupts at the base level at the next cycle is drawn out after it interrupts, and it works at the clock level and it restarts.
- Is there such sentences, too and "Maintenance operation program" →"Central processing unit. " in sentences perhaps?｡｡
It is caught as input information, and internal processing begins if the state of the clock is observed, and there is a change at the input process.
These sentences are correct.
- It is assumed to be input information if the state of the local loops or the line like the call out, the response, cutting, and the dial pulse, etc. is observed, and there is a change and catching the internal processing begins at the input process.
- "State of the clock" is not observed and "State of the subscriber or the line" is observed.
- ｡｡｡Are not you the no use of observing the clock it?
Internal processing analyzes input information, does necessary processing, and the output processing drives a telephone call road system device based on the result. A series of processing that selects the trunk and the route in internal processing is called a token.
These sentences are wrong.
- A series of work to select the trunk and the route in internal processing is called routing. It is correct in the first halfs of sentences.
- It is not a token and routing.
The transition condition between these states is described and the one having provided for piece processing function is called a state transition chart though it can be thought that the process from "Start of call" of one "Call" to "End of call" is the transition between two or more states.
These sentences are correct.
- The one that the transition condition between state transition chart = states is described and regulations of piece processing function
- The process from "Start of Call" of one "Call" to "End of Call" is a transition between two or more steady states.
It is possible to provide for "Call processing program" by the state transition chart to have recorded the transition condition between these states.
Well, often note successfully caught to hanging if there are a lot of problems sleeping around here excellent nasty the problem of the call processing program this time and the flow of the term and processing is not remembered neatly. Then, around here today
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